{"id":1341,"date":"2026-10-25T09:00:00","date_gmt":"2026-10-25T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/quantumsea.net\/?p=1341"},"modified":"2026-10-23T04:36:00","modified_gmt":"2026-10-22T19:36:00","slug":"qs-unital-channel-trace-mixed-state-20261023","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/quantumsea.net\/?p=1341","title":{"rendered":"\u30e6\u30cb\u30bf\u30eb\u306a\u91cf\u5b50\u30c1\u30e3\u30cd\u30eb\u3001\u78ba\u7387\u306e\u7dcf\u548c\u3068\u6700\u5927\u6df7\u5408\u72b6\u614b\u306e\u4fdd\u5b58\u3092\u5206\u3051\u3066\u8003\u3048\u308b"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u91cf\u5b50\u72b6\u614b\u3092\u5909\u3048\u308b\u51e6\u7406\u304c\u300c\u78ba\u7387\u306e\u7dcf\u548c\u30921\u306b\u4fdd\u3064\u300d\u3053\u3068\u3068\u3001\u300c\u504f\u308a\u306e\u306a\u3044\u72b6\u614b\u3092\u305d\u306e\u307e\u307e\u4fdd\u3064\u300d\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3001\u540c\u3058\u6761\u4ef6\u3067\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u5f8c\u8005\u3092\u8abf\u3079\u308b\u8a00\u8449\u304c\u3001\u30e6\u30cb\u30bf\u30eb\u3067\u3059\u30021\u91cf\u5b50\u30d3\u30c3\u30c8\u306e\u5c0f\u3055\u306a\u4f8b\u3067\u3001\u4f55\u3092\u5165\u529b\u3057\u3001\u4f55\u304c\u4fdd\u5b58\u3055\u308c\u305f\u306e\u304b\u3092\u5206\u3051\u3066\u307f\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<section 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aria-label=\"\u7c21\u5358\u306b\u307e\u3068\u3081\u308b\u3068\uff1f\">\n<p><strong>\u7c21\u5358\u306b\u307e\u3068\u3081\u308b\u3068\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u30c8\u30ec\u30fc\u30b9\u4fdd\u5b58\u306f\u3001\u72b6\u614b\u3092\u8868\u3059\u884c\u5217\u306e\u5bfe\u89d2\u6210\u5206\u306e\u548c\u3092\u4fdd\u3064\u6761\u4ef6\u3067\u3059\u3002\u91cf\u5b50\u72b6\u614b\u306e\u78ba\u7387\u3092\u6b63\u898f\u5316\u3057\u305f\u307e\u307e\u6271\u3046\u305f\u3081\u306b\u5fc5\u8981\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u540c\u3058\u6b21\u5143\u306e\u5165\u51fa\u529b\u3067\u306f\u3001\u30e6\u30cb\u30bf\u30eb\u306a\u91cf\u5b50\u30c1\u30e3\u30cd\u30eb\u306f\u6700\u5927\u6df7\u5408\u72b6\u614bI\/d\u3092\u5909\u3048\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u30c8\u30ec\u30fc\u30b9\u4fdd\u5b58\u3060\u3051\u304b\u3089\u3001\u3053\u306e\u6027\u8cea\u306f\u5c0e\u3051\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u4e00\u3064\u306e\u5165\u529b\u3067\u540c\u3058\u7d50\u679c\u3092\u51fa\u3059\u4e8c\u3064\u306e\u51e6\u7406\u3082\u3001\u6700\u5927\u6df7\u5408\u72b6\u614b\u3078\u306e\u4f5c\u7528\u3067\u306f\u9055\u3044\u304c\u51fa\u307e\u3059\u3002\u300c\u72b6\u614b\u3092\u4fdd\u3064\u300d\u306e\u5bfe\u8c61\u3092\u660e\u8a18\u3059\u308b\u3068\u6bd4\u8f03\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/section>\n<h2>\u4f55\u306e\u300c\u4fdd\u5b58\u300d\u3092\u8abf\u3079\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u304b<\/h2>\n<p>\u91cf\u5b50\u72b6\u614b\u3092\u8868\u3059\u5bc6\u5ea6\u884c\u5217\u03c1\u306f\u3001\u5bfe\u89d2\u6210\u5206\u306e\u548c\u3067\u3042\u308b\u30c8\u30ec\u30fc\u30b9\u304c1\u306b\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u305f\u3068\u3048\u3070\u3001\u57fa\u5e950\u30681\u306e\u78ba\u7387\u304c\u534a\u3005\u3067\u3001\u305d\u306e\u9593\u306e\u30b3\u30d2\u30fc\u30ec\u30f3\u30b9\u304c\u306a\u30441\u91cf\u5b50\u30d3\u30c3\u30c8\u306e\u72b6\u614b\u306f\u3001\u5bfe\u89d2\u306b0.5\u30010.5\u3092\u4e26\u3079\u305f\u884c\u5217\u3067\u3059\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306fI\/2\u3068\u3082\u66f8\u3051\u307e\u3059\u3002I\u306f\u5bfe\u89d2\u6210\u5206\u304c1\u3001\u305d\u306e\u4ed6\u304c0\u306e\u5358\u4f4d\u884c\u5217\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u91cf\u5b50\u30c1\u30e3\u30cd\u30eb\u306f\u3001\u7269\u7406\u7684\u306b\u8a31\u3055\u308c\u308b\u72b6\u614b\u306e\u5909\u5316\u3092\u8868\u3059\u6570\u5b66\u7684\u306a\u67a0\u7d44\u307f\u3067\u3059\u3002\u3053\u3053\u3067\u306f\u5b8c\u5168\u6b63\u5024\u304b\u3064\u30c8\u30ec\u30fc\u30b9\u4fdd\u5b58\u306e\u7dda\u5f62\u5199\u50cf\u03a6\u3092\u8003\u3048\u307e\u3059\u3002\u5b8c\u5168\u6b63\u5024\u306f\u3001\u5bfe\u8c61\u304c\u5225\u306e\u7cfb\u3068\u3082\u3064\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5834\u5408\u307e\u3067\u542b\u3081\u3066\u3001\u72b6\u614b\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306e\u6574\u5408\u6027\u3092\u4fdd\u3064\u305f\u3081\u306e\u6761\u4ef6\u3067\u3059\u3002[1] \u672c\u7a3f\u306f\u305d\u306e\u5b8c\u5168\u306a\u5224\u5b9a\u6cd5\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u3059\u3067\u306b\u91cf\u5b50\u30c1\u30e3\u30cd\u30eb\u3068\u3057\u3066\u69cb\u6210\u3057\u305f\u4f8b\u306e\u4fdd\u5b58\u6027\u3092\u6bd4\u8f03\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u30e6\u30cb\u30bf\u30eb\u3068\u306f\u3001\u03a6(I)=I\u3092\u6e80\u305f\u3059\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3059\u3002[2] \u5165\u529b\u3068\u51fa\u529b\u3092\u540c\u3058d\u6b21\u5143\u306b\u305d\u308d\u3048\u308b\u3068\u3001\u7dda\u5f62\u6027\u304b\u3089\u03a6(I\/d)=I\/d\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u306eI\/d\u304c\u6700\u5927\u6df7\u5408\u72b6\u614b\u3067\u3059\u3002\u5358\u306b0\u30681\u306e\u6e2c\u5b9a\u304c\u534a\u3005\u306b\u306a\u308b\u7d14\u7c8b\u306a\u91cd\u306d\u5408\u308f\u305b\u72b6\u614b\u3068\u306f\u9055\u3044\u3001\u3069\u306e\u6b63\u898f\u76f4\u4ea4\u57fa\u5e95\u3092\u9078\u3093\u3067\u3082\u504f\u308a\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u639b\u3051\u308b\u9806\u756a\u304c\u9055\u3046\u3001\u4e8c\u3064\u306e\u6761\u4ef6<\/h2>\n<p>\u30af\u30e9\u30a6\u30b9\u6f14\u7b97\u5b50K\u3092\u4f7f\u3046\u3068\u3001\u30c1\u30e3\u30cd\u30eb\u306f\u03a6(\u03c1)=\u03a3K\u03c1K\u2020\u3068\u8868\u305b\u307e\u3059\u3002\u03a3\u306f\u8907\u6570\u306e\u6f14\u7b97\u5b50\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u8db3\u3059\u8a18\u53f7\u3001\u2020\u306f\u884c\u3068\u5217\u3092\u5165\u308c\u66ff\u3048\u3066\u8907\u7d20\u5171\u5f79\u3092\u53d6\u308b\u64cd\u4f5c\u3067\u3059\u3002\u30c8\u30ec\u30fc\u30b9\u4fdd\u5b58\u3092\u78ba\u304b\u3081\u308b\u3068\u304d\u306f\u03a3K\u2020K=I\u3092\u898b\u307e\u3059\u3002[1] \u4e00\u65b9\u3001\u03c1\u306e\u4f4d\u7f6e\u306bI\u3092\u5165\u308c\u308b\u3068\u03a6(I)=\u03a3KK\u2020\u306a\u306e\u3067\u3001\u30e6\u30cb\u30bf\u30eb\u6027\u3067\u306f\u03a3KK\u2020=I\u3092\u898b\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6587\u5b57\u304c\u4f3c\u3066\u3044\u3066\u3082\u3001\u884c\u5217\u306f\u4e00\u822c\u306b\u639b\u3051\u308b\u9806\u756a\u3092\u4ea4\u63db\u3067\u304d\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u03a3K\u2020K\u304cI\u3060\u3063\u305f\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8a18\u9332\u3092\u3001\u305d\u306e\u307e\u307e\u03a3KK\u2020\u306e\u78ba\u8a8d\u306b\u4f7f\u3046\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3067\u304d\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u72b6\u614b\u306e\u78ba\u7387\u306e\u7dcf\u548c\u3068\u3001\u504f\u308a\u306e\u306a\u3044\u72b6\u614b\u3078\u306e\u4f5c\u7528\u306f\u3001\u5225\u3005\u306b\u691c\u67fb\u3059\u308b\u7406\u7531\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u53cd\u8ee2\u3059\u308b\u51e6\u7406\u3068\u30010\u3078\u623b\u3059\u51e6\u7406\u3092\u6bd4\u3079\u308b<\/h2>\n<p>\u6bd4\u8f03\u7528\u306b\u3001\u4e8c\u3064\u306e\u7406\u60f3\u5316\u3057\u305f1\u91cf\u5b50\u30d3\u30c3\u30c8\u306e\u30c1\u30e3\u30cd\u30eb\u3092\u4f5c\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u4e00\u3064\u76ee\u306f\u3001\u78ba\u73870.4\u30670\u30681\u3092\u4ea4\u63db\u3057\u3001\u78ba\u73870.6\u3067\u4f55\u3082\u3057\u306a\u3044\u51e6\u7406\u3067\u3059\u3002\u4ea4\u63db\u3059\u308b\u884c\u5217\u3092X\u3068\u66f8\u304f\u3068\u3001\u03a6\u53cd\u8ee2(\u03c1)=0.6\u03c1+0.4X\u03c1X\u3067\u3059\u3002X\u306f0\u30921\u3078\u30011\u30920\u3078\u79fb\u3059\u30e6\u30cb\u30bf\u30ea\u6f14\u7b97\u5b50\u306a\u306e\u3067\u3001\u3053\u306e\u78ba\u7387\u7684\u306a\u6df7\u5408\u306f\u30e6\u30cb\u30bf\u30eb\u3067\u3059\u3002[2]<\/p>\n<p>\u4e8c\u3064\u76ee\u306f\u3001\u78ba\u73870.4\u3067\u5165\u529b\u3092\u6368\u3066\u3066\u57fa\u5e95\u72b6\u614b0\u3092\u6e96\u5099\u3057\u3001\u78ba\u73870.6\u3067\u5165\u529b\u3092\u305d\u306e\u307e\u307e\u6b8b\u3059\u51e6\u7406\u3067\u3059\u3002\u6b63\u898f\u5316\u6e08\u307f\u306e\u72b6\u614b\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u3001\u03a6\u30ea\u30bb\u30c3\u30c8(\u03c1)=0.6\u03c1+0.4|0\u27e9\u27e80|\u3068\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u306e\u884c\u5217\u3078\u306e\u7dda\u5f62\u306a\u5f0f\u3067\u306f\u3001\u6700\u5f8c\u306e\u9805\u306bTr(\u03c1)\u3092\u639b\u3051\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f\u6bd4\u8f03\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306b\u5b9a\u3081\u305f\u7406\u60f3\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u3067\u3001\u88c5\u7f6e\u306e\u30ea\u30bb\u30c3\u30c8\u7cbe\u5ea6\u3084\u5b9f\u884c\u6642\u9593\u3092\u8868\u3059\u6570\u5024\u3067\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5f8c\u8005\u306e\u30af\u30e9\u30a6\u30b9\u6f14\u7b97\u5b50\u306f\u3001\u221a0.6 I\u3001\u221a0.4 |0\u27e9\u27e80|\u3001\u221a0.4 |0\u27e9\u27e81|\u3067\u3059\u3002\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c\u306eK\u2020K\u3092\u8db3\u3059\u30680.6I+0.4I=I\u3068\u306a\u308a\u3001\u30c8\u30ec\u30fc\u30b9\u3092\u4fdd\u3061\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057KK\u2020\u306e\u548c\u306f\u3001\u5bfe\u89d2\u6210\u5206\u304c1.4\u30680.6\u306e\u884c\u5217\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002I\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u306e\u3067\u3001\u3053\u306e\u51e6\u7406\u306f\u30e6\u30cb\u30bf\u30eb\u3067\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/p>\n<figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/quantumsea.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/qs-unital-channel-trace-mixed-state-20261023-figure-14de3416ecb6.png\" alt=\"\u6700\u5927\u6df7\u5408\u72b6\u614b\u306e0\u30681\u306e\u78ba\u7387\u306f0.5\u305a\u3064\u3002\u53cd\u8ee2\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u3067\u306f0.5\u305a\u3064\u306e\u307e\u307e\u30010\u3078\u30ea\u30bb\u30c3\u30c8\u3059\u308b\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u3067\u306f0.7\u30680.3\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3002\u3069\u3061\u3089\u3082\u548c\u306f1\u3002\" 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59a5\u5f53\u6027\u3001\u6e2c\u5b9a\u8aa4\u5dee\u3001\u4ed6\u306e\u72b6\u614b\u3078\u306e\u4f5c\u7528\u3082\u5225\u306b\u8abf\u3079\u308b\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u4f55\u3092\u4fdd\u5b58\u3059\u308b\u51e6\u7406\u306a\u306e\u304b\u3092\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u5165\u529b\u3078\u623b\u3057\u3066\u8003\u3048\u308b\u3068\u3001\u4f3c\u305f\u6761\u4ef6\u306e\u53d6\u308a\u9055\u3048\u3092\u9632\u304e\u3084\u3059\u304f\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u51fa\u5178<\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li>John Watrous, <a href=\"https:\/\/cs.uwaterloo.ca\/~watrous\/TQI\/TQI.2.pdf\">The Theory of Quantum Information \u7b2c2\u7ae0<\/a>\u30012.2\u7bc0\u3001\u5b9a\u74062.22\u30fb2.26\u3002\u91cf\u5b50\u30c1\u30e3\u30cd\u30eb\u3001\u30af\u30e9\u30a6\u30b9\u8868\u73fe\u3001\u30c8\u30ec\u30fc\u30b9\u4fdd\u5b58\u306e\u6761\u4ef6\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u540c\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/cs.uwaterloo.ca\/~watrous\/TQI\/TQI.4.pdf\">\u7b2c4\u7ae0<\/a>\u3001\u5b9a\u7fa94.1\u30fb4.2\u3001\u4f8b4.3\u3002\u30e6\u30cb\u30bf\u30eb\u6027\u3068\u30e6\u30cb\u30bf\u30ea\u64cd\u4f5c\u306e\u78ba\u7387\u7684\u6df7\u5408\u3002\u8457\u8005\u516c\u958bPDF\u30922026\u5e7410\u670823\u65e5\u306b\u78ba\u8a8d\u3002\u4e8c\u7ae0\u306f\u540c\u3058\u66f8\u7c4d\u306b\u5c5e\u3057\u3001\u72ec\u7acb\u3057\u305f\u4e8c\u3064\u306e\u5b9f\u9a13\u7684\u6839\u62e0\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u3002\u6570\u5024\u4f8b\u30fb\u56f3\u30fb\u8a08\u7b97\u30b9\u30af\u30ea\u30d7\u30c8\u306f\u72ec\u81ea\u4f5c\u6210\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u91cf\u5b50\u72b6\u614b\u3092\u5909\u3048\u308b\u51e6\u7406\u304c\u300c\u78ba\u7387\u306e\u7dcf\u548c\u30921\u306b\u4fdd\u3064\u300d\u3053\u3068\u3068\u3001\u300c\u504f\u308a\u306e\u306a\u3044\u72b6\u614b\u3092\u305d\u306e\u307e\u307e\u4fdd\u3064\u300d\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3001\u540c\u3058\u6761\u4ef6\u3067\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u5f8c\u8005\u3092\u8abf\u3079\u308b\u8a00\u8449\u304c\u3001\u30e6\u30cb\u30bf\u30eb\u3067\u3059\u30021\u91cf\u5b50\u30d3\u30c3\u30c8\u306e\u5c0f\u3055\u306a\u4f8b\u3067\u3001\u4f55\u3092\u5165\u529b\u3057\u3001\u4f55\u304c\u4fdd\u5b58\u3055\u308c\u305f\u306e\u304b\u3092\u5206\u3051\u3066\u307f\u307e [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1339,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":true,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":false,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[30],"tags":[184],"class_list":["post-1341","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-computing","tag-quantum-computers"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/quantumsea.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/qs-unital-channel-trace-mixed-state-20261023-featured-614ddb968533.png","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/quantumsea.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1341","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/quantumsea.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/quantumsea.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/quantumsea.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/quantumsea.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1341"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/quantumsea.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1341\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1342,"href":"https:\/\/quantumsea.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1341\/revisions\/1342"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/quantumsea.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/1339"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/quantumsea.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1341"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/quantumsea.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1341"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/quantumsea.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1341"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}