{"id":2254,"date":"2026-11-06T13:00:00","date_gmt":"2026-11-06T04:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/quantumsea.net\/?p=2254"},"modified":"2026-11-05T10:29:28","modified_gmt":"2026-11-05T01:29:28","slug":"qs-rare-earth-memory-three-lifetimes-20261105","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/quantumsea.net\/?p=2254","title":{"rendered":"\u5e0c\u571f\u985e\u91cf\u5b50\u30e1\u30e2\u30ea\u3001\u30b9\u30d4\u30f3\u306e\u9577\u5bff\u547d\u304c\u5149\u5b50\u306e\u4fdd\u5b58\u6642\u9593\u3068\u9055\u3046\u7406\u7531"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u91cf\u5b50\u30e1\u30e2\u30ea\u306e\u7814\u7a76\u306b\u306f\u300c\u4f55\u6642\u9593\u3082\u4fdd\u3064\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5831\u544a\u304c\u3042\u308b\u4e00\u65b9\u3001\u5149\u5b50\u306e\u91cf\u5b50\u72b6\u614b\u3092\u51fa\u3057\u5165\u308c\u3059\u308b\u5b9f\u9a13\u3067\u306f\u79d2\u5358\u4f4d\u306e\u5024\u304c\u767b\u5834\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u306e\u5dee\u306f\u3001\u5358\u306b\u88c5\u7f6e\u306e\u6027\u80fd\u5dee\u3067\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u7d50\u6676\u306e\u5185\u90e8\u3067\u4f4d\u76f8\u304c\u305d\u308d\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u6642\u9593\u3068\u3001\u5149\u3092\u53d6\u308a\u51fa\u305b\u308b\u6642\u9593\u3001\u91cf\u5b50\u60c5\u5831\u3068\u3057\u3066\u5341\u5206\u306a\u54c1\u8cea\u3092\u4fdd\u3066\u308b\u6642\u9593\u3067\u306f\u3001\u78ba\u304b\u3081\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u9055\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>2026\u5e7411\u67082\u65e5\u306b\u516c\u520a\u3055\u308c\u3001\u7fcc3\u65e5\u306barXiv\u3078\u63b2\u8f09\u3055\u308c\u305f\u5e0c\u571f\u985e\u30a4\u30aa\u30f3\u6dfb\u52a0\u7d50\u6676\u306e\u7dcf\u8aac\u306f\u3001\u3053\u306e\u4e09\u3064\u306e\u6642\u9593\u3092\u5206\u3051\u3066\u7814\u7a76\u306e\u9032\u5c55\u3092\u6574\u7406\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u7dcf\u8aac\u304c\u632f\u308a\u8fd4\u308b\u904e\u53bb\u306e\u5b9f\u9a13\u3092\u3001\u539f\u5831\u306e\u6761\u4ef6\u3068\u3068\u3082\u306b\u898b\u3066\u3044\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002\uff3b1\uff3d<\/p>\n<section class=\"influvetor-quick-summary\" aria-label=\"\u7c21\u5358\u306b\u307e\u3068\u3081\u308b\u3068\uff1f\">\n<p><strong>\u7c21\u5358\u306b\u307e\u3068\u3081\u308b\u3068\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u30b9\u30d4\u30f3\u306e\u4f4d\u76f8\u304c\u9577\u304f\u4fdd\u305f\u308c\u3066\u3082\u3001\u305d\u306e\u6642\u9593\u3060\u3051\u5149\u5b50\u3092\u9ad8\u54c1\u8cea\u3067\u4fdd\u5b58\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3068\u306f\u9650\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u66f8\u8fbc\u307f\u30fb\u8aad\u51fa\u3057\u306e\u640d\u5931\u3068\u96d1\u97f3\u3082\u95a2\u308f\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n<li>2021\u5e74\u306e1\u6642\u9593\u306e\u30b3\u30d2\u30fc\u30ec\u30f3\u30c8\u5149\u4fdd\u5b58\u3068\u30012025\u5e74\u306e\u5f31\u3044\u5149\u3092\u4f7f\u3063\u305f\u91cf\u5b50\u72b6\u614b\u306e\u4fdd\u5b58\u306f\u3001\u7570\u306a\u308b\u691c\u8a3c\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u91cf\u5b50\u30e1\u30e2\u30ea\u3092\u6bd4\u3079\u308b\u3068\u304d\u306f\u3001\u4fdd\u5b58\u6642\u9593\u306b\u52a0\u3048\u3066\u5165\u529b\u5149\u3001\u52b9\u7387\u3001\u5fe0\u5b9f\u5ea6\u3068\u6bd4\u8f03\u57fa\u6e96\u3001\u6e29\u5ea6\u3084\u78c1\u5834\u3092\u4e00\u7dd2\u306b\u78ba\u8a8d\u3059\u308b\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/section>\n<h2>\u5185\u90e8\u306e\u4f4d\u76f8\u3092\u4fdd\u3064\u3053\u3068\u304b\u3089\u3001\u5149\u306e\u51fa\u3057\u5165\u308c\u3078<\/h2>\n<p>\u91cf\u5b50\u901a\u4fe1\u3067\u306f\u3001\u96e2\u308c\u305f\u533a\u9593\u306e\u6e96\u5099\u304c\u540c\u6642\u306b\u6574\u3046\u3068\u306f\u9650\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u5148\u306b\u3067\u304d\u305f\u91cf\u5b50\u72b6\u614b\u3092\u30e1\u30e2\u30ea\u3078\u9810\u3051\u3001\u307b\u304b\u306e\u533a\u9593\u3092\u5f85\u3066\u308c\u3070\u3001\u3088\u308a\u9577\u3044\u8ddd\u96e2\u3092\u3064\u306a\u3050\u52a9\u3051\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u5e0c\u571f\u985e\u30a4\u30aa\u30f3\u3092\u5c11\u91cf\u52a0\u3048\u305f\u7d50\u6676\u3067\u306f\u3001\u5149\u304c\u6301\u3064\u60c5\u5831\u3092\u591a\u6570\u306e\u30a4\u30aa\u30f3\u306b\u5e83\u304c\u308b\u30b9\u30d4\u30f3\u306e\u52b1\u8d77\u3078\u79fb\u3057\u3001\u3042\u3068\u3067\u5149\u3078\u623b\u3059\u65b9\u6cd5\u304c\u7814\u7a76\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\uff3b1\uff3d<\/p>\n<p>\u6700\u521d\u306e\u6307\u6a19\u306f\u3001<strong>\u30b9\u30d4\u30f3\u30b3\u30d2\u30fc\u30ec\u30f3\u30b9\u6642\u9593<\/strong>\u3067\u3059\u3002\u30b9\u30d4\u30f3\u306e\u91cd\u306d\u5408\u308f\u305b\u3092\u652f\u3048\u308b\u4f4d\u76f8\u95a2\u4fc2\u304c\u3001\u3069\u308c\u304f\u3089\u3044\u5d29\u308c\u305a\u306b\u6b8b\u308b\u304b\u3092\u8abf\u3079\u307e\u3059\u30022025\u5e741\u6708\u306e\u5225\u306e\u7814\u7a76\u3067\u306f\u3001\u30e6\u30a6\u30ed\u30d4\u30a6\u30e0\u3092\u6dfb\u52a0\u3057\u305f\u7d50\u6676\u3092125 mK\u307e\u3067\u51b7\u5374\u3057\u300113\u6642\u9593\u3092\u8d85\u3048\u308b\u30b3\u30d2\u30fc\u30ec\u30f3\u30b9\u3092\u5831\u544a\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f\u5149\u3068\u63a5\u7d9a\u3067\u304d\u308b\u6750\u6599\u5185\u90e8\u306e\u8a18\u61b6\u80fd\u529b\u3092\u793a\u3059\u7d50\u679c\u3067\u3001\u305d\u306e\u6642\u9593\u3060\u3051\u5165\u5c04\u5149\u5b50\u3092\u4fdd\u5b58\u3057\u3001\u53d6\u308a\u51fa\u3057\u305f\u5b9f\u8a3c\u3067\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\uff3b2\uff3d<\/p>\n<p>\u6b21\u306e<strong>\u5149\u4fdd\u5b58\u6642\u9593<\/strong>\u3067\u306f\u3001\u5b9f\u969b\u306b\u5149\u3092\u7d50\u6676\u3078\u66f8\u304d\u8fbc\u307f\u3001\u5f85\u3063\u3066\u304b\u3089\u53d6\u308a\u51fa\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u5185\u90e8\u306e\u4f4d\u76f8\u3060\u3051\u3067\u306a\u304f\u3001\u5149\u3092\u5438\u53ce\u3059\u308b\u78ba\u7387\u3001\u30b9\u30d4\u30f3\u3078\u79fb\u3059\u5236\u5fa1\u3001\u5149\u3078\u623b\u3059\u904e\u7a0b\u304c\u52b9\u3044\u3066\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002\u6700\u5f8c\u306e<strong>\u91cf\u5b50\u4fdd\u5b58<\/strong>\u3067\u306f\u3001\u53d6\u308a\u51fa\u3057\u305f\u5f31\u3044\u5149\u306e\u72b6\u614b\u304c\u3001\u6e2c\u5b9a\u7d50\u679c\u3092\u4f7f\u3063\u3066\u5149\u3092\u4f5c\u308a\u76f4\u3059\u53e4\u5178\u7684\u306a\u65b9\u6cd5\u3092\u4e0a\u56de\u308b\u54c1\u8cea\u3092\u6301\u3064\u304b\u307e\u3067\u78ba\u304b\u3081\u307e\u3059\u3002\uff3b1\uff3d<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/quantumsea.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/qs-rare-earth-memory-three-lifetimes-20261105-figure3-309bf8598572.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/quantumsea.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/qs-rare-earth-memory-three-lifetimes-20261105-figure3-309bf8598572.png\" alt=\"\u30b9\u30d4\u30f3\u306e\u4f4d\u76f8\u3001\u5149\u306e\u51fa\u3057\u5165\u308c\u3001\u91cf\u5b50\u72b6\u614b\u306e\u54c1\u8cea\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4e09\u3064\u306e\u78ba\u8a8d\u7bc4\u56f2\u3092\u4e26\u3079\u3001\u5f8c\u306e\u6bb5\u968e\u307b\u3069\u5909\u63db\u640d\u5931\u3084\u96d1\u97f3\u3082\u8abf\u3079\u308b\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u793a\u3059\u6982\u5ff5\u56f3\u3002\" style=\"max-width:100%;height:auto;width:100%\"><\/a><figcaption>\u4e09\u3064\u306e\u6307\u6a19\u304c\u78ba\u304b\u3081\u308b\u7bc4\u56f2\u3002\u8cc7\u6599\uff3b1\uff3d\u3092\u57fa\u306bQuantum Sea\u4f5c\u6210\u3002\u6642\u9593\u306e\u9577\u3055\u3092\u540c\u3058\u5c3a\u5ea6\u3067\u63cf\u3044\u305f\u56f3\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2>\u78c1\u5834\u3068\u5236\u5fa1\u30d1\u30eb\u30b9\u3067\u4f4d\u76f8\u306e\u4e71\u308c\u3092\u6291\u3048\u308b<\/h2>\n<p>\u7d50\u6676\u5185\u306e\u30b9\u30d4\u30f3\u306f\u3001\u5468\u56f2\u306e\u78c1\u5834\u306e\u63fa\u3089\u304e\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u5c11\u3057\u305a\u3064\u7570\u306a\u308b\u901f\u3055\u3067\u4f4d\u76f8\u3092\u9032\u3081\u307e\u3059\u3002\u305d\u3053\u3067\u4f7f\u308f\u308c\u308b\u306e\u304c<strong>ZEFOZ\uff08\u30bc\u30ed\u4e00\u6b21\u30bc\u30fc\u30de\u30f3\uff09\u9077\u79fb<\/strong>\u3067\u3059\u3002\u78c1\u5834\u306e\u5f37\u3055\u3068\u5411\u304d\u3092\u8abf\u6574\u3057\u3001\u5c0f\u3055\u306a\u78c1\u5834\u5909\u5316\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u9077\u79fb\u5468\u6ce2\u6570\u306e\u4e00\u6b21\u306e\u5909\u5316\u304c\u6d88\u3048\u308b\u6761\u4ef6\u3092\u9078\u3073\u307e\u3059\u3002\u78c1\u5834\u306e\u5f71\u97ff\u304c\u3059\u3079\u3066\u306a\u304f\u306a\u308b\u308f\u3051\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u3088\u308a\u9ad8\u6b21\u306e\u5909\u5316\u3084\u8a66\u6599\u5185\u306e\u4e0d\u5747\u4e00\u3055\u306f\u6b8b\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\uff3b1\uff3d<\/p>\n<p>\u3055\u3089\u306b\u3001\u30b9\u30d4\u30f3\u3078\u5236\u5fa1\u30d1\u30eb\u30b9\u3092\u7e70\u308a\u8fd4\u3057\u52a0\u3048\u308b<strong>\u52d5\u7684\u30c7\u30ab\u30c3\u30d7\u30ea\u30f3\u30b0\uff08DD\uff09<\/strong>\u3067\u3001\u4f4d\u76f8\u306e\u305a\u308c\u304c\u84c4\u7a4d\u3059\u308b\u306e\u3092\u6291\u3048\u307e\u3059\u3002\u305f\u3060\u3057\u3001\u30d1\u30eb\u30b9\u3092\u5897\u3084\u305b\u3070\u5e38\u306b\u6709\u5229\u306b\u306a\u308b\u308f\u3051\u3067\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u5236\u5fa1\u306e\u5c0f\u3055\u306a\u8aa4\u5dee\u304c\u96d1\u97f3\u306b\u3064\u306a\u304c\u308a\u3001RF\u30b3\u30a4\u30eb\u306e\u52a0\u71b1\u304c\u5149\u5b66\u7684\u306a\u6027\u8cea\u3092\u5909\u3048\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3082\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u6750\u6599\u5185\u90e8\u3067\u9577\u3044\u30b3\u30d2\u30fc\u30ec\u30f3\u30b9\u3092\u5f97\u308b\u6761\u4ef6\u3068\u3001\u5f31\u3044\u5149\u3092\u5c11\u306a\u3044\u640d\u5931\u30fb\u96d1\u97f3\u3067\u53d6\u308a\u51fa\u3059\u6761\u4ef6\u3092\u3001\u540c\u6642\u306b\u6e80\u305f\u3059\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\uff3b1\u30013\u30014\uff3d<\/p>\n<h2>1\u6642\u9593\u306e\u5149\u4fdd\u5b58\u3067\u78ba\u8a8d\u3057\u305f\u3053\u3068<\/h2>\n<p>2021\u5e74\u306e\u7814\u7a76\u3067\u306f\u3001\u30e6\u30a6\u30ed\u30d4\u30a6\u30e0\u6dfb\u52a0\u7d50\u6676\u306b\u539f\u5b50\u5468\u6ce2\u6570\u30b3\u30e0\uff08AFC\uff09\u3092\u7528\u3044\u3001\u5149\u3092\u30b3\u30d2\u30fc\u30ec\u30f3\u30c8\u306b1\u6642\u9593\u4fdd\u5b58\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002AFC\u306f\u3001\u5438\u53ce\u3059\u308b\u5468\u6ce2\u6570\u3092\u304f\u3057\u306e\u6b6f\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u6574\u3048\u3001\u5e83\u304c\u3063\u305f\u30a4\u30aa\u30f3\u306e\u4f4d\u76f8\u304c\u518d\u3073\u305d\u308d\u3046\u6027\u8cea\u3092\u5229\u7528\u3059\u308b\u65b9\u6cd5\u3067\u3059\u3002\u30b9\u30d4\u30f3\u3078\u306e\u8ee2\u9001\u3068DD\u3092\u7d44\u307f\u5408\u308f\u305b\u305f\u6761\u4ef6\u3067\u3001\u5149\u30a8\u30b3\u30fc\u306e\u6e1b\u8870\u304b\u3089\u6c42\u3081\u305f1\/e\u5bff\u547d\u306f52.9\u00b11.2\u5206\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002\uff3b3\uff3d<\/p>\n<p>1\/e\u5bff\u547d\u306f\u3001\u4fe1\u53f7\u304c\u521d\u671f\u5024\u306e\u7d0437%\u306b\u306a\u308b\u6642\u9593\u3092\u8868\u3059\u6307\u6a19\u3067\u3059\u3002\u305d\u306e\u6642\u523b\u306b\u7a81\u7136\u8a18\u61b6\u304c\u6d88\u3048\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u610f\u5473\u3067\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u3053\u306e\u5b9f\u9a13\u3067\u306f1\u6642\u9593\u5f8c\u306e\u5149\u540c\u58eb\u3092\u5e72\u6e09\u3055\u305b\u3001\u4f4d\u76f8\u95a2\u4fc2\u304c\u4fdd\u305f\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3082\u78ba\u8a8d\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u305f\u3060\u3057\u3001\u660e\u308b\u3044\u5149\u3067\u4f4d\u76f8\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3068\u3001\u5149\u5b50\u304c\u3054\u304f\u5c11\u306a\u3044\u5165\u529b\u3067\u96d1\u97f3\u306b\u57cb\u3082\u308c\u305a\u91cf\u5b50\u60c5\u5831\u3092\u53d6\u308a\u51fa\u3059\u3053\u3068\u306b\u306f\u3001\u8ffd\u52a0\u306e\u9694\u305f\u308a\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\uff3b1\u30013\uff3d<\/p>\n<h2>5.6\u79d2\u306e\u5fe0\u5b9f\u5ea6\u3068\u300142\u79d2\u306e\u4fe1\u53f7\u3092\u5206\u3051\u308b<\/h2>\n<p>2025\u5e7411\u6708\u306b\u767a\u8868\u3055\u308c\u300112\u6708\u306b\u6539\u8a02\u3055\u308c\u305f\u7814\u7a76\u306f\u3001NLPE\uff08\u7121\u96d1\u97f3\u5149\u5b50\u30a8\u30b3\u30fc\uff09\u3068DD\u3001ZEFOZ\u6761\u4ef6\u3092\u7d44\u307f\u5408\u308f\u305b\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002NLPE\u306f\u7d50\u6676\u306e\u81ea\u7136\u306a\u5438\u53ce\u3092\u751f\u304b\u3057\u306a\u304c\u3089\u4f4d\u76f8\u3092\u518d\u3073\u305d\u308d\u3048\u3001\u4fe1\u53f7\u3068\u4e0d\u8981\u306a\u767a\u5149\u3092\u5206\u3051\u308b\u65b9\u5f0f\u3067\u3059\u3002\u540d\u79f0\u306b\u300c\u7121\u96d1\u97f3\u3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style=\"overflow-x:auto\">\n<table>\n<caption>\u4fdd\u5b58\u6642\u9593\u306e\u6570\u5b57\u3068\u3001\u4e00\u7dd2\u306b\u78ba\u304b\u3081\u305f\u3044\u6761\u4ef6<\/caption>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u6307\u6a19\u30fb\u4f8b<\/th>\n<th>\u78ba\u8a8d\u3057\u305f\u3053\u3068<\/th>\n<th>\u305d\u306e\u6570\u5b57\u3060\u3051\u3067\u306f\u5206\u304b\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3053\u3068<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u30b9\u30d4\u30f3\u30b3\u30d2\u30fc\u30ec\u30f3\u30b9\uff1a13\u6642\u9593\u8d85\uff082025\u5e74\uff09<\/td>\n<td>125 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et al., <a href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2611.04526v1\">Long-lived quantum memories with rare-earth ions doped in crystals<\/a>, arXiv v1\uff082026\u5e7411\u67083\u65e5\u3001\u6570\u5024\u8a02\u6b63\u3092\u542b\u3080\uff09\u3002<a href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s44214-026-00110-1\">Quantum Frontiers\u516c\u520a\u7248<\/a>\uff082026\u5e7411\u67082\u65e5\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<li>Wang et al., <a href=\"https:\/\/journals.aps.org\/prxquantum\/abstract\/10.1103\/PRXQuantum.6.010302\">Nuclear Spins in a Solid Exceeding 10-Hour Coherence Times for Ultra-Long-Term Quantum Storage<\/a>, PRX Quantum 6, 010302\uff082025\u5e741\u67083\u65e5\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<li>Ma et al., <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41467-021-22706-y\">One-hour coherent optical storage in an atomic frequency comb memory<\/a>, Nature Communications 12, 2381\uff082021\u5e744\u670822\u65e5\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<li>Lv et al., <a href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2511.12537v2\">Minute-Scale Photonic Quantum Memory<\/a>, arXiv v2\uff08\u521d\u72482025\u5e7411\u670816\u65e5\u3001\u6539\u8a0212\u67081\u65e5\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u91cf\u5b50\u30e1\u30e2\u30ea\u306e\u7814\u7a76\u306b\u306f\u300c\u4f55\u6642\u9593\u3082\u4fdd\u3064\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5831\u544a\u304c\u3042\u308b\u4e00\u65b9\u3001\u5149\u5b50\u306e\u91cf\u5b50\u72b6\u614b\u3092\u51fa\u3057\u5165\u308c\u3059\u308b\u5b9f\u9a13\u3067\u306f\u79d2\u5358\u4f4d\u306e\u5024\u304c\u767b\u5834\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u306e\u5dee\u306f\u3001\u5358\u306b\u88c5\u7f6e\u306e\u6027\u80fd\u5dee\u3067\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u7d50\u6676\u306e\u5185\u90e8\u3067\u4f4d\u76f8\u304c\u305d\u308d\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u6642\u9593\u3068\u3001\u5149\u3092\u53d6\u308a\u51fa\u305b\u308b\u6642\u9593\u3001\u91cf 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